I don't think that population decline, in and of itself is really a problem since the human population is such a burden on the environment and on natural resources. Yet the reasons for population decline in Russia are very problematic. In some ways the trend is similar to that in the EU, Japan, and the US insofar as fertility rates are declining. However, in Russia, the population is not aging, especially not for men. The gap in life expectancies between men and women is very large - typically it's about 5 years or so, but in Russia the difference is 14 years! Obviously, there is something going on in Russian society/culture that is causing such worrisome health trends. And it seems to be affecting men in particular, although certainly the high abortion rate is a cause for concern. I have also read that in Russia, there are growing numbers of cases of drug-resistant TB, especially in jails. This seems to also reflect high levels of crime and drug/alcohol abuse and lack of opportunities.

It isn't mentioned in the article, but I wonder how much of the population decline is due to emigration? I know that many Russians look for work in the EU, but not whether it is on a temporary or permanent basis. It would be hard to stimulate immigration to Russia since it lacks "pull" factors. And before attempting to increase the fertility rate, quality of life and health of the population needs to be improved in Russia.

Even though my grandmother was full Russian I know very little about the culture. I'm looking forward to learning more about Russia tomorrow.